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1. Human development index
Human development index (HDI) value, 2003: 0.475
Life expectancy at birth (years) (HDI), 2003: 51.6
Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and above) (HDI), 2003: 51.9a
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary schools (%), 2002/03: .. b
GDP per capita (PPP US$) (HDI), 2003:1,742c
Life expectancy index: 0.44
Education index: 0.50
GDP index: 0.48
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank:-9
2. Human development index trends
Human development index (trend), 1975: ..
Human development index (trend), 1980: 0.449
Human development index (trend), 1985: 0.458
Human development index (trend), 1990: 0.446
Human development index (trend), 1995: 0.450
Human development index (trend), 2000: ..
Human development index (trend), 2003: 0.475
3. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) Rank:70
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) Value (%): 38.0
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-05: 34.4
Adult illiteracy rate (% ages 15 and above), 2003: 48.1d
Population without sustainable access to an improved water source (%), 2002:29
Children underweight for age (% under age 5) (HPI..1), 1995-2003:17
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-2003: ..
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-2003: ..
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-2002: 65.0e
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank: ..
4. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Eastern Europe & CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) Rank: ..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) Value (%): ..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-05: ..
People lacking functional literacy skills (% ages 16-65), 1994-2003: ..
Long-term unemployment (as % of labour force), 2003: ..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 1990-2000: ..
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95: ..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 1996-99: ..
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank: ..
5. Demographic trends
Total population (millions), 1975: 4.9
Total population (millions), 2003: 8.3
Total population (millions), 2015: 9.8
Annual population growth rate (%), 1975-2003: 1.9
Annual population growth rate (%), 2003-2015: 1.4
Urban population (% of total), 1975: 21.7
Urban population (% of total), 2003: 37.5
Urban population (% of total), 2015: 45.5
Population under age 15 (% of total), 2003: 38.6
Population under age 15 (% of total), 2015: 34.9
Population age 65 and above (% of total), 2003: 3.2
Population age 65 and above (% of total), 2015: 4.5
Total fertility rate (births per woman), 1970-75: 5.8
Total fertility rate (births per woman), 2000-05: 4.0
6. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public health expenditure (% of GDP), 2002: 3.0
Private health expenditure (% of GDP), 2002: 4.6
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2002:83
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 2003:71
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 2003:53
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5) 1, 1994-2003:41
Contraceptive prevalence rate (%), 1995-2003:27
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1995-2003:24
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 1990-2004:25
7. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population with sustainable access to improved sanitation (%), 1990:15
Population with sustainable access to improved sanitation (%), 2002:34
Population with sustainable access to an improved water source (%), 1990:53
Population with sustainable access to an improved water source (%), 2002:71
Population undernourished (% total), 1990-1992:65
Population undernourished (% total), 2000-2002:47
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1995-2003:17
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1995-2003:23
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-2003:21
8. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 8:2000
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%). Bottom quintile: 4.1
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%). Top quintile: 70.0
One-year-olds fully immunized (%). Bottom quintile: 25.4
One-year-olds fully immunized (%). Top quintile: 42.3
Children under height for age (% under age 5). Bottom quintile : 18.2
Children under height for age (% under age 5). Top quintile : 5.1
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births). Bottom quintile: 99.5
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births). Top quintile: 97.2
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births). Bottom quintile: 163.9
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births). Top quintile: 108.7
9. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% ages 15-49), 2003:5.6 [2.5 - 11.9]
Condom use at last high-risk sex (% ages 15-24), women, 1998-2003:19
Condom use at last high-risk sex (% ages 15-24), men, 1998-2003:30
Malaria cases (per 100,000 people), 2000:15f
Children under age 5 with insecticide-treated bed nets (%), 1999-2003: ..
Children under age 5 with fever treated with anti-malarial drugs (%), 1999-2003:12
Tuberculosis cases (per 100,000 people), 2003:386
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 2003:46
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 2003:78
Prevalence of smoking (% of adults), women, 2000-2002: ..
Prevalence of smoking (% of adults), men, 2000-2002: ..
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth (years), 1970-1975: 48.5
Life expectancy at birth (years), 2000-2005: 51.5
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970:148
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2003:76
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970:221
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2003:118
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-2005: 41.3
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-2005: 38.2
Maternal mortality ratio reported (per 100,000 live births), 1985-2003:520
Maternal mortality ratio adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 2000:680
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (as % of GDP), 1990: 1.5
Public expenditure on education (as % of GDP), 2000-2002: ..
Public expenditure on education (as % of total government expenditure), 1990: 20.0
Public expenditure on education (as % of total government expenditure), 2000-2002: ..
Public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 1990: 53.1
Public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2000-2002: ..
Public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 1990: 19.0
Public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2000-2002: ..
Public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 1990: 9.1
Public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2000-2002: ..
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and above), 1990: 39.7
Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and above), 2003: 51.9g
Youth literacy rate (% ages 15-24), 1990: 54.8
Youth literacy rate (% ages 15-24), 2003: 66.2g
Net primary enrolment ratio (%), 1990/91:22
Net primary enrolment ratio (%), 2002/03: ..
Net secondary enrolment ratio (%), 1990/91: ..
Net secondary enrolment ratio (%), 2002/03: ..
Children reaching grade 5 (%), 1990/91: ..
Children reaching grade 5 (%), 2001/02: ..
Tertiary students in science, math and engineering (% of all tertiary students), 1998-2003: ..
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 1990:7
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 2003:17
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 1990: 0
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2003:38
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 1990: 0
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2003:18
Patents granted to residents (per million people), 2002: ..
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 2003: 0.0h
Research and development (R&D) expenditures (as % of GDP), 1997-2002: ..
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-2003: ..
14. Economic performance
GDP (US$ billions), 2003: 2.9
GDP (PPP US$ billions), 2003: 14.7i
GDP per capita (US$), 2003:346
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 2003:1,742i
GDP per capita annual growth rate (%), 1975-2003:- 2.3
GDP per capita annual growth rate (%), 1990-2003:- 2.8
GDP per capita, highest value (PPP US$), 1975-2003:3,309i
GDP per capita, year of highest value:1980
Average annual change in consumer price index (%), 1990-2003: 19.7
Average annual change in consumer price index (%), 2002-03: 39.3
15. Inequality in income or consumption
Survey Year: ..
Share of income or consumption (%) - Poorest 10%: ..
Share of income or consumption (%) - Poorest 20%: ..
Share of income or consumption (%) - Richest 20%: ..
Share of income or consumption (%) - Richest 10%: ..
Inequality measures - Ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%: ..
Inequality measures - Ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%: ..
Inequality measures - Gini index: ..
16. The structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 1990:20
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2003:37j
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 1990:18
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2003:13j
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990:15
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 2003: ..
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990:85
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 2003: ..
High-technology exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990:14
High-technology exports (% of merchandise exports), 2003: ..
Terms of trade (1980=100), 2002:50
17. Rich country responsibilities: aid
Net official development assistance (ODA) disbursed, Total (US$ millions), 2003: ..
Net official development assistance (ODA) disbursed, As % of GNI, 1990: ..
Net official development assistance (ODA) disbursed, As % of GNI, 2003: ..
ODA per capita of donor country (2002 US$), 1990: ..
ODA per capita of donor country (2002 US$), 2003: ..
ODA to least developed countries (% of total), 1990: ..
ODA to least developed countries (% of total), 2003: ..
ODA to basic social services (% of total), 1996-1997: ..
ODA to basic social services (% of total), 2002-2003: ..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990: ..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2003: ..
18. Rich country responsibilities: debt relief and trade
Bilateral pledges to the HIPC trust fund (US$ millions), 2004: ..
Gross bilateral debt forgiveness (US$ millions), 1990-2003: ..
Goods imports from developing countries (Total US$ millions), 2003: ..
Goods imports from developing countries (Share of total imports), 2003: ..
Goods imports from least developed countries (US$ millions), 2003: ..
Goods imports from least developed countries (Share of total imports), 2003: ..
19. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance (ODA) received (net disbursements) Total (US$ millions), 2003: 199.8
Official development assistance (ODA) received (net disbursements) Per capita (US$), 2003: 23.7
Official development assistance (ODA) received (net disbursements) (as % of GDP), 1990: 5.9
Official development assistance (ODA) received (net disbursements) (as % of GDP), 2003: 6.8
Net foreign direct investment inflows (% of GDP), 1990: 0.0
Net foreign direct investment inflows (% of GDP), 2003: 0.3
Other private flows (% of GDP), 1990: 0.0
Other private flows (% of GDP), 2003: 0.0
Total debt service (As % of GDP), 1990: 1.2
Total debt service (As % of GDP), 2003: 1.8
Total debt service (As % exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 1990: 9.0
Total debt service (As % exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 2003: 10.8
20. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1990: 1.5
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2000-2002: ..
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 2002: 3.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 1990: ..
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 2003: ..
Total debt service (% of GDP), 1990: 1.2
Total debt service (% of GDP), 2003: 1.8